By Dr. Diana Goldsmith, Clinical Psychologist

Introduction

In the realm of neurodiversity, the unique ways in which autistic individuals process sensory information, emotions, and social interactions have been well-documented. One lesser-known but profoundly impactful phenomenon is the dorsal vagal shutdown—a response deeply rooted in our nervous system's survival mechanisms. For many autistic individuals, understanding and managing this response can be life-changing.

In this post, we’ll explore what dorsal vagal shutdown is, why it may be more prevalent or pronounced in autistic people, and practical recommendations for managing and preventing these shutdowns.

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What is Dorsal Vagal Shutdown?

The dorsal vagal response is part of the parasympathetic nervous system, governed by the vagus nerve, which extends from the brainstem to various organs. This response is associated with immobilisation or a "freeze" state, often triggered by a perceived threat that feels inescapable. Unlike the “fight or flight” response, which is activated by the sympathetic nervous system, the dorsal vagal shutdown is a form of protective dissociation or conservation—slowing heart rate, reducing energy output, and numbing sensations as a way to survive overwhelming situations.

For autistic individuals, who frequently experience heightened sensory sensitivities and stress due to social or environmental factors, the threshold for triggering dorsal vagal shutdowns may be lower. This response can manifest as sudden exhaustion, dissociation, numbness, or an inability to move or communicate effectively.

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Why is Dorsal Vagal Shutdown Common in Autistic People?

Sensory Overload: Autistic individuals often experience heightened sensitivity to lights, sounds, or textures. Continuous exposure without adequate regulation can overwhelm the nervous system, triggering a shutdown.

Social Stress: Social interactions can be fraught with uncertainty and misunderstanding for autistic people, creating a chronic stress state that primes the body for dorsal vagal responses.

Alexithymia: Difficulty in identifying and verbalising emotions—a common trait in autism—may delay awareness of mounting stress, making shutdowns seem sudden and inexplicable.

History of Trauma: Autistic individuals are statistically more likely to experience trauma and may have a more reactive dorsal vagal system as a result.

For further reading: Polyvagal Theory and Autism: Understanding the Overlap

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Recognising the Signs of Dorsal Vagal Shutdown

Sudden fatigue or need to lie down
Dissociation (feeling disconnected from reality or one’s body)
Numbness or loss of sensation
Reduced ability to communicate (mutism)
Slowed movements or a feeling of heaviness
Recognising these signs early can help in managing and mitigating the effects of shutdowns.

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Recommendations for Managing Dorsal Vagal Shutdown

1. Grounding Techniques
Using grounding exercises can help bring the nervous system back to a regulated state. Simple methods like focusing on your breath, holding an ice cube, or the 5-4-3-2-1 technique (identifying five things you can see, four you can touch, etc.) can be effective.

Recommended Resource: Trauma-Informed Practices for Autistic Individuals

2. Sensory Regulation
Creating a sensory-friendly environment is crucial. This may include noise-cancelling headphones, weighted blankets, or dim lighting. Understanding and pre-emptively managing sensory triggers can reduce the likelihood of shutdowns.

3. Polyvagal-Informed Therapy
Therapies based on the Polyvagal Theory can help individuals understand and work with their nervous system responses. Techniques such as Safe and Sound Protocol (SSP) have been beneficial for many autistic individuals.

Recommended Reading:

The Polyvagal Theory in Therapy by Deb Dana
Safe and Sound Protocol

4. Co-Regulation and Support Systems
Human connection can help regulate the nervous system. Trusted friends, partners, or therapists who can offer co-regulation—calm, non-judgemental presence—are invaluable.

5. Self-Compassion and Understanding
Self-blame can exacerbate shutdowns. Recognising that these responses are automatic survival mechanisms—not character flaws—can help foster self-compassion. Practices such as mindful self-compassion can be particularly useful.

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Embracing Neurodiversity with Compassion

Understanding dorsal vagal shutdown within the context of autism can not only empower autistic individuals but also those who support them. By adopting trauma-informed, sensory-friendly, and polyvagal-aware approaches, we can create environments where autistic people can thrive without fear of being overwhelmed.

If you or a loved one is struggling with shutdowns, consider reaching out to a mental health professional trained in trauma-informed and neurodiversity-affirming approaches.
For personalised support, you can reach me at info@foundationschildtherapy.com or explore resources at www.foundationschildtherapy.co.uk

Dr Diana Goldsmith is a clinical psychologist specialising in trauma, autism spectrum conditions, and neurodiversity-affirming therapy.